# Items tagged with subexpressionsubexpression Tagged Items Feed

### Repetitive mapping in Maple?

January 23 2013 by Maple

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I have occasionally a need to map a function over the components of an expression; but not just at the top level---which map() does---but to an arbitrary level. One application is e.g. to throw simplify at subexpressions of a complicated object. Sooner or later I will want to specify the deepest level also... I looked through the docs and Help but could not find anything like that. I had expected map[n]() to do something like this, but it does not.

Does Maple have a...

August 03 2012 by Maple 16

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Apart from the online description of this new Maple 16 feature here, there is also the help-page for subexpressionmenu.

I don't know of a complete listing of its current functionality, but the key thing is that it acts in context. By that I mean that the choice of displayed actions depends on the kind of subexpression that one has selected with the mouse cursor.

Apart from arithmetic operations, rearrangements and some normalizations of equations, and plot previews, one of the more interesting pieces of functionality is the various trigonometric substitutions. Some of the formulaic trig substitutions provide functionality that has otherwise been previously (I think) needed in Maple.

In Maple 16 it is now much easier to do some trigonometric identity solving, step by step.

Here is an example executed in a worksheet. (This was produced by merely selecting subexpressions of the output at each step, and waiting briefly for the new Smart Popup menus to appear automatically. I did not right-click and use the traditional context-sensitive menus. I did not have to type in any of the red input lines below: the GUI inserts them as a convenience, for reproduction. This is not a screen-grab movie, however, and doesn't visbily show my mouse cursor selections. See the 2D Math version further below for an alternate look and feel.)

 > expr:=sin(3*a)=3*sin(a)-4*sin(a)^3:
 > expr;

 > # full angle reduction identity: sin(3*a)=-sin(a)^3+3*cos(a)^2*sin(a) -sin(a)^3+3*cos(a)^2*sin(a) = 3*sin(a)-4*sin(a)^3;

 > # subtract -sin(a)^3 from both sides (-sin(a)^3+3*cos(a)^2*sin(a) = 3*sin(a)-4*sin(a)^3) -~ (-sin(a)^3);

 > # divide both sides by 3 (3*cos(a)^2*sin(a) = 3*sin(a)-3*sin(a)^3) /~ (3);

 > # divide both sides by sin(a) (cos(a)^2*sin(a) = sin(a)-sin(a)^3) /~ (sin(a));

 > # normal 1/sin(a)*(sin(a)-sin(a)^3) cos(a)^2 = normal(1/sin(a)*(sin(a)-sin(a)^3));

 > # Pythagoras identity: cos(a)^2=1-sin(a)^2 1-sin(a)^2 = 1-sin(a)^2;

 >

The very first step above could also be done as a pair of simpler sin(x+y) reductions involving sin(2*a+a) and sin(a+a), depending on what one allows onself to use. There's room for improvement to this whole approach, but it looks like progress.

In a Document, rather than using 1D Maple notation in a Worksheet as above, the actions get documented in the more usual way, similar to context-menus, with annotated arrows between lines.

I am not quite sure what is the best way to try and get some of the trig handling in a more programmatic way, ie. by using the "names" of the various transformational formulas. But some experts here may discover such by examination of the code. Ie,

eval(SubexpressionMenu);



The above can leads to noticing the following (undocumented) difference, for example,

> trigsubs(sin(2*a));

1       2 tan(a)
[-sin(-2 a), 2 sin(a) cos(a), --------, -----------,
csc(2 a)            2
1 + tan(a)

-1/2 I (exp(2 I a) - exp(-2 I a)), 2 sin(a) cos(a), 2 sin(a) cos(a)]

> trigsubs(sin(2*a),annotate=true);

["odd function" = -sin(-2 a), "double angle" = 2 sin(a) cos(a),

1                       2 tan(a)
"reciprocal function" = --------, "Weierstrass" = -----------,
csc(2 a)                            2
1 + tan(a)

"Euler" = -1/2 I (exp(2 I a) - exp(-2 I a)),

"angle reduction" = 2 sin(a) cos(a),

"full angle reduction" = 2 sin(a) cos(a)]


And that could lead one to try constructions such as,

> map(rhs,indets(trigsubs(sin(a),annotate=true),
>                identical("double angle")=anything));

{2 sin(a/2) cos(a/2)}


Since the annotate=true option for trigsubs is not documented in Maple 16 there is more potential here for useful functionality.

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