Yahoo Finance recently discontinued their (largely undocumented) historical stock quote API.

Previously, you get simply send a HTTP:-Get request like this…

…and get historical OHLCV (open, high, low, close, trading volume) data in your worksheet (in this case for AAPL between 1 January 2016 and 1 January 2017).

This no longer works! Yahoo shut the door on this easy-to-use and widely disseminated API.

You can still download historical stock quotes from Yahoo Finance into Maple, but the process is now somewhat more involved. My complete code in this worksheet but I'll step through the process below.

If you visit the updated Yahoo Finance website and download historical data for a ticker, you see a URL like this in the status bar of your browser

Let's examine how ths URL is constructed.

• period1 and period2 are Unix time stamps for your start and end date
• interval is the data retrieval interval (this can be either 1d, 1w or 1m)
• crumb is an alphanumeric code that’s periodically regenerated every time you download new historical data from from the Yahoo Finance website using your browser. Moreover, crumb is paired with a cookie that’s stored by your browser.

Here’s how to extract and supply the cookie-crumb pair to Yahoo Finance so you can still use Maple to retrieve historical stock quotes

Send a dummy request to get a cookie-crumb pair

Grab the crumb from the response

Store the cookie from the response

Construct the URL

• Your desired start and end dates have to be defined as Unix time stamps. Converting a human readable date (like 1^st January 2017) to a Unix timestamp is simple, so I won't cover it here.
• The previously retrieved crumb has to be added to the URL.

Send the request to Yahoo Finance, including the cookie in the header

Your historical data is now returned

The historical data is now easily parsed into a matrix.

Please note that any use of Yahoo Finance has to be consistent with their terms of service.

Download Euler–Mascheroni_constant_Algorithm_approx.mw

The Lattice package to investigate particle accelerator magnet lattices (original post) has been updated to V1.1. This is a significant update, addressing a number of inaccuracies and bugs of V1.0 as well as introducing new elements: Octupole, Fringe effect in dipoles, a MatchedSection allowing to insert a piece of beamline when the details are irrelevant, and a few experimental elements like WireQuad. New functions include the 6th synchrotron-radiation integral I6x, momentum compaction alphap and TaylorMap, which allows to compute the Taylor expansion of  the non-linear map to any degree.

The code and documentation are available in the Application Center.

U. Wienands, aka Mac Dude

A couple of weeks ago, I recorded a short video that discussed various applications for the Statistics:-Fit command. One of the more interesting examples examined how manually adjusting the number of parameters used for a regression model affected the resulting adjusted r-squared value.

I won’t go into detail about r-squared here, but to briefly summarize: In a linear regression model, r-squared measures the proportion of the variation in a model's dependent variable explained by the independent variables. Basically, r-squared gives a statistical measure of how well the regression line approximates the data. R-squared values usually range from 0 to 1 and the closer it gets to 1, the better it is said that the model performs as it accounts for a greater proportion of the variance (an r-squared value of 1 means a perfect fit of the data). When more variables are added, r-squared values typically increase. They can never decrease when adding a variable; and if the fit is not 100% perfect, then adding a variable that represents random data will increase the r-squared value with probability 1. The adjusted r-squared attempts to account for this phenomenon by adjusting the r-squared value based on the number of independent variables in the model.

The formula for the adjusted r-squared is:

Where:

n is the number of points in the data sample

k is the number of independent variables in the model excluding the constant

By taking the number of independent variables into consideration, the adjusted r-squared behaves different than r-squared; adding more variables doesn’t necessarily produce better fitting models. In many cases, more variables can often lead to lower adjusted r-squared values. In particular, if you add a variable representing random data, the expected change in the adjusted r-squared is 0.

As such, the adjusted r-squared has a slightly different interpretation than the r-squared. While r-squared is perceived to give an indication of the measure of fit for a chosen regression model, the adjusted r-squared is perceived more as a comparative tool that can be useful for picking variables and designing models that may require less predictors than other models. The science of “gaming” models is a broad topic, so I won’t go into any more detail here, but there’s lots of great information out there if you are looking to learn more (here’s a good place to start).

The following example adjusts a fitted model by adding or removing variables in order to find better adjusted r-squared values.

The Import command reads a datafile into a new DataFrame.

The dataset has seven variables: time and experimental readings for 6 various concentrations. Removing “time” from our variable set, the convert command converts the values in the DataFrame to a Matrix of values.

We start by fitting a model that includes predicting variables for each of the columns of data. We mark “Concentration A” as our dependent variable.

From the above, we can observe that both the r-squared and adjusted r-squared are reasonably high, however only one of the coefficient values has a significant p-value, C3.

Note: Maple shows all p-values less than 0.05 in bold.

Let's try to fit the data again, this time keeping the two coefficients with the lowest p-values and the intercept.

From the above, we can see that the r-squared value does go down, however the adjusted r-squared goes up! Let's fit the model one last time to see if removing C5 increases or decreases the adjusted r-squared.

We can see that the final adjusted r-squared value is lower than the previous two, so we are probably better to keep the additional C5 coefficient value.

You can see this example as well as a couple of other examples of using the Fit command in the following video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YWRgRvlJpjY

You can download the worksheet here: https://www.maplesoft.com/applications/view.aspx?SID=154246

We have just released the 3rd edition of the Mathematics Survival Kit – Maple Edition.

The Math Survival Kit helps students get unstuck when they are stuck. Sometimes students are prevented from solving a problem, not because they haven’t understood the new concept, but because they forget how to do one of the steps, like completely the square, or dealing with log properties.  That’s where this interactive e- book comes in. It gives students the opportunity to review exactly the concept or technique they are stuck on, work through an example, practice as much (or as little) as they want using randomly generated, automatically graded questions on that exact topic, and then continue with their homework.

This book covers over 150 topics known to cause students grief, from dividing fractions to integration by parts. This 3^rd edition contains 31 additional topics, deepening the coverage of mathematical topics at every level, from pre-high school to university.

See the Mathematics Survival Kit for more information about this updated e-book, including the complete list of topics.

eithne

This post is the answer to this question.

The procedure named  IntOverDomain  finds a double integral over an arbitrary domain bounded by a non-selfintersecting piecewise smooth curve. The code of the procedure uses the well-known Green's theorem.

Each section in the border should be specified by a list in the following formats :    
1. If a section is given parametrically, then  [[f(t), g(t)], t=t1..t2]    
2. If several consecutive sections of the border or the entire border is a broken line, then it is sufficient to set vertices of this broken line  [ [x1,y1], [x2,y2], .., [xn,yn] ] (for the entire border should be  [xn,yn]=[x1,y1] ).

Required parameters of the procedure:  f  is an expression in variables  x  and  y , L  is the list of all the sections. The sublists of the list  L  must follow in the positive direction (counterclockwise).

The code of the procedure:

restart;
IntOverDomain := proc(f, L) 
local n, i, j, m, yk, yb, xk, xb, Q, p, P, var;
n:=nops(L);
Q:=int(f,x);  
for i from 1 to n do 
if type(L[i], listlist(algebraic)) then
m:=nops(L[i]);
for j from 1 to m-1 do
yk:=L[i,j+1,2]-L[i,j,2]; yb:=L[i,j,2];
xk:=L[i,j+1,1]-L[i,j,1]; xb:=L[i,j,1];
p[j]:=int(eval(Q*yk,[y=yk*t+yb,x=xk*t+xb]),t=0..1);
od;
P[i]:=add(p[j],j=1..m-1) else
var := lhs(L[i, 2]);
P[i]:=int(eval(Q*diff(L[i,1,2],var),[x=L[i,1,1],y=L[i,1,2]]),L[i,2]) fi;
od; 
add(P[i], i = 1 .. n); 
end proc:

Examples of use.

1. In the first example, we integrate over a quadrilateral:

with(plottools): with(plots):
f:=x^2+y^2:
display(polygon([[0,0],[3,0],[0,3],[1,1]], color="LightBlue"));  # Visualization of the domain of integration
IntOverDomain(x^2+y^2, [[[0,0],[3,0],[0,3],[1,1],[0,0]]]);  # The value of integral

2. In the second example, some sections of the boundary of the domain are curved lines:

display(inequal({{y<=sqrt(x),y>=sin(Pi*x/3)/2,y<=3-x}, {y>=-2*x+3,y>=sqrt(x),y<=3-x}}, x=0..3,y=0..3, color="LightGreen", nolines), plot([[t,sqrt(t),t=0..1],[t,-2*t+3,t=0..1],[t,3-t,t=0..3],[t,sin(Pi*t/3)/2,t=0..3]], color=black, thickness=2));
f:=x^2+y^2: L:=[[[t,sin(Pi*t/3)/2],t=0..3],[[3,0],[0,3],[1,1]], [[t,sqrt(t)],t=1..0]]:
IntOverDomain(f, L);

3. If  f=1  then the procedure returns the area of the domain:

IntOverDomain(1, L);  # The area of the above domain
evalf(%);

IntOverDomain.mw

Edit.

This app shows the calculation of the final speed of a body after it made contact with a variable force; Taking as reference the initial velocity, mass and graph of the variation of F as a function of time. That is, given the variable forces represented by the lines in the time intervals, we will show the equation of momentum and momentum; With their respective values, followed by their response.

Momentum_with_two_variable_force.mw

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xWkF7JhkpI

Lenin Araujo C.

Ambassador of Maple

When we first started trying to use Maple to create a maple leaf like the one in the Canada 150 logo, we couldn’t find any references online to the exact geometry, so we went back to basics. With our trusty ruler and protractor, we mapped out the geometry of the maple leaf logo by hand.

Our first observation was that the maple leaf could be viewed as being comprised of 9 kites. You can read more about the meaning of these shapes on the Canada 150 site (where they refer to the shapes as diamonds).

We also observed that the individual kites had slightly different scales from one another. The largest kites were numbers 3, 5 and 7; we represented their length as 1 unit of length. Also, each of the kites seemed centred at the origin, but was rotated about the y-axis at a certain angle.

As such, we found the kites to have the following scales and rotations from the vertical axis:

Kites:

1, 9: 0.81 at +/-

2, 8: 0.77 at +/-

3, 5, 7: 1 at +/-, 0

4, 6: 0.93 at +/-

This can be visualized as follows:

To draw this in Maple we put together a simple procedure to draw each of the kites:

The main idea of this procedure is that we draw a kite using a standard list of points, which are scaled and rotated. Then to generate the sequence of plots:

This looked pretty similar to the original logo, however the kites 2, 4, 6, and 8 all needed to be moved behind the other kites. This proved somewhat tricky, so we just simply turned on the point probe in Maple and drew in the connected lines to form these points.

Happy Canada Day!

With Maple, you can create amazing visualizations that go far beyond the standard mathematical plots that you might typically expect (I wince every time I see yet another sine curve).

At your fingertips, you have

• plotting primitives that can be assembled in new and novel ways
• precise control over coloring (yay for ColorTools) and placement
• an interactive coding environment with inline plots, giving you quick visual feedback over aesthetic changes
• and a comprehensive mathematical programming language to glue everything together

Here, I thought I'd share a few of the visualizations I've really enjoyed creating over the last few years (and I'd like to emphasize 'enjoy' - doing this stuff is fun!)

Let me know if you want any of the worksheets.

Psychrometric chart with historical weather data for Waterloo, Ontario.

Ternary plot of the color of gold-silver-copper alloys

Spectrogram of a violin note played with vibrato

Colored zoom of the Mandelbrot set

Reporting dashboard for an Organic Rankine Cycle

Temperature-entropy plot of an ideal Rankine Cycle

Quaternion fractal

Historical sunpot data

Earthquake data

African literacy rates

This Saturday is Canada’s 150^th birthday. As you can imagine, the country has been paying a lot more attention to this year’s anniversary than our usual low key approach, and as a Canadian company, we at Maplesoft decided to join in the fun.

And what better way for Maplesoft to celebrate Canada’s birthday than to create a maple leaf in Maple! 

So here is a maple leaf inspired by the Canada 150 logo, which was created by Ariana Cuvin, a student at the University of Waterloo and former co-op here at Maplesoft:

Here’s the code to reproduce this plot (more details can be found in this follow up post):

Know other ways to plot a maple leaf in Maple?  If so, please share them below - we’d love to see them!

Download PhysicsMaple2017.mw

Edgardo S. Cheb-Terrab
Physics, Differential Equations and Mathematical Functions, Maplesoft

In this file you will be able to observe and analyze how the exercises and problems of Kinematics and Dynamics are solved using the commands and operators through a very well-structured syntax; Allowing me to save time and use it in interpretation. I hope you can share and spread to break the traditional and unnecessary myths. Only for Engineering and Science. Share if you like.

In Spanish.

Kinematics_using_syntax_in_Maple.mw

Lenin Araujo Castillo

Ambassador of Maple

The MapleCloud now provides the GRTensorIII package for component tensor calculations in general relativity. This package is an update of the established GRTensorII package, last updated in 1999.  In early June, I had the opportunity to present this update at the recent Atlantic General Relativity meeting. The GR community was delighted to have an updated version that works well with more recent versions of Maple. Several talks specifically called out the key role GRTensorIII had in establishing the results presented.

GRTensorIII supports the calculation of the standard curvature objects in relativity. It also provides the command which allows the definition of new tensor objects via a simple definition string (without programming). This command is the key reason for GRTensor’s continued use in the GR community. GRTensorIII also provides a new, more direct API to define a spacetime via the command. This command allows for the metric or line element definition within a worksheet – removing the need for storing the metric in a file and allowing example worksheets to be self-contained. GRTensorIII has significant new functionality to support the definition of hyper-surfaces and the calculation of junction conditions and thin-shell stress energy. An extensive series of example worksheets based on Eric Poisson’s “A Relativist’s Toolkit” are included.

GRTensorIII is available from the MapleCloud window within Maple in the list of available packages or via a download from Maple. It can be loaded directly via the command line as: 

It is also available on github. The source code is available on github in a separate repository: grtensor3src .  

GRTensorIII was developed in collaboration with Kayll Lake and Denis Pollney. I would like to thank Maple for access to the beta program and Eric Poisson for testing and feedback.

The OrthogonalExpansions package is a collection of commands to compute one-dimensional and multi-dimensional orthogonal series expansions of a function. The expansions are evaluated symbolically, numerically or in an inert form.

In particular, the package includes six modifications of the one-dimensional Fourier series, as well the multi-dimensional Fourier, cosine and sine series, one- and multi-dimensional series expansions of classical orthogonal polynomials.

The package includes MixedSeries command to compute multi-dimensional mixed orthogonal series expansions. Mixed series are created from the one-dimensional and multi-dimensional series that are available in the package.

The package also includes GramSchmidtL2 command for computing symbolically or numerically an orthonormal set of one- and multi-variable functions.

I've developed a framework in Maple for playing with cyclic division algebras. I have methods for multiplication and passing to and from:

The standard basis over the base field in terms of x^i*y^j and:
The standard matrix basis for the central simple algebra when taking coefficients in the splitting field.

I have it done in the case of degree 7, but could generalise it to any prime degree if this is of use to anyone.